The king symbolically defeated the evil powers and, by performing the sacred marriage rite, secured fertility and well-being for the coming year (Thureau-Dangin; Kramer, Marriage). Some scholars have interpreted most ritual activities in the ancient Near East as reflecting those New Year rites. Others deny any all-pervasive influence of royal ideology, especially in the OT. (For a discussion of this problem, see Bernhardt; de Fraine; Lipiński, Royauté.) In any case, state-centered religion and cult
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